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      032-Android存储（7）：LitePal使用详解
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    <p><a target="_blank" rel="noopener" href="https://cupster.blog.csdn.net/article/details/114290667">【5年Android从零复盘系列之三十二】Android存储（7）：LitePal数据库框架</a></p>
<hr />

<p><strong>【代码是最好的老师】</strong></p>
<h1 id="1-概述"><a href="#1-概述" class="headerlink" title="1.概述"></a>1.概述</h1><p>LitePal是<a target="_blank" rel="noopener" href="https://blog.csdn.net/guolin_blog/category_9262963.html">郭霖大神</a>开源的一款数据库框架。</p>
<p>LitePal同<a target="_blank" rel="noopener" href="https://blog.csdn.net/Cupster/article/details/114267141">greendao</a>一样，有共同的优点。</p>
<p>区别在，不同数据量、不同操作情形下，性能和资源占用各有些许差别。不过在2020+年代了，这些细微差别已经几乎是无感。</p>
<p>具体商用中，追求稳定，会更多地选择greendao。其缘由并不是LitePal性能不佳，而是greendao的有较大的使用基数，使其趋于完美。而LitePal后起之秀，及版本迭代，使用基数、开源考验度较小。</p>
<p>在组件化中，<a target="_blank" rel="noopener" href="https://blog.csdn.net/Cupster/article/details/114267141">greendao</a>会比litepal有优势。究其原因，是因为litepal的实体类直接继承LitepalSupport，组件化项目中 跨模块使用（数据表对应的）实体类不友好。</p>
<p><a target="_blank" rel="noopener" href="https://github.com/guolindev/LitePal">GitHub直达LitePal</a></p>
<p><a target="_blank" rel="noopener" href="https://download.csdn.net/download/Cupster/15534762">Demo代码.zip</a></p>
<h1 id="3-配置"><a href="#3-配置" class="headerlink" title="3.配置"></a>3.配置</h1><p>step1.首先在app module的gradle依赖</p>
<pre><code>//litepal step1 导包
implementation &#39;org.litepal.guolindev:core:3.2.3&#39;
</code></pre>
<p>step2.在module下 新建文件 main/assets/litepal.xml</p>
<ol>
<li>配置数据库名称</li>
<li>数据库版本号</li>
<li>表对应的实体类包名+路径</li>
</ol>
<pre class="highlight"><span class="line"><span class="meta">&lt;?xml version=&quot;1.0&quot; encoding=&quot;utf-8&quot;?&gt;</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="tag">&lt;<span class="name">litepal</span>&gt;</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment">&lt;!--    litepal step2--&gt;</span></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="tag">&lt;<span class="name">dbname</span> <span class="attr">value</span>=<span class="string">&quot;app&quot;</span> /&gt;</span></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="tag">&lt;<span class="name">version</span> <span class="attr">value</span>=<span class="string">&quot;1&quot;</span> /&gt;</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment">&lt;!--   litepal step6 --&gt;</span></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="tag">&lt;<span class="name">list</span>&gt;</span></span><br><span class="line">        <span class="tag">&lt;<span class="name">mapping</span> <span class="attr">class</span>=<span class="string">&quot;com.cupster.func_db_litepal.entity.User&quot;</span>/&gt;</span></span><br><span class="line">        <span class="tag">&lt;<span class="name">mapping</span> <span class="attr">class</span>=<span class="string">&quot;com.cupster.func_db_litepal.entity.Article&quot;</span>/&gt;</span></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="tag">&lt;/<span class="name">list</span>&gt;</span></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="comment">&lt;!--</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment">        Define where the .db file should be. &quot;internal&quot; means the .db file</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment">        will be stored in the database folder of internal storage which no</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment">        one can access. &quot;external&quot; means the .db file will be stored in the</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment">        path to the directory on the primary external storage device where</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment">        the application can place persistent files it owns which everyone</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment">        can access. &quot;internal&quot; will act as default.</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment">        For example:</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment">        &lt;storage value=&quot;external&quot; /&gt;</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment">    --&gt;</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="tag">&lt;/<span class="name">litepal</span>&gt;</span></span><br></pre>

<p>step3.混淆配置</p>
<pre><code>-keep class org.litepal.** &#123;
    *;
&#125;
-keep class * extends org.litepal.crud.DataSupport &#123;
    *;
&#125;
-keep class * extends org.litepal.crud.LitePalSupport &#123;
    *;
&#125;
</code></pre>
<p>step4.在app的application中初始化litepal</p>
<pre class="highlight"><span class="line"><span class="keyword">public</span> <span class="class"><span class="keyword">class</span> <span class="title">DemoApplication</span> <span class="keyword">extends</span> <span class="title">Application</span> </span>&#123;</span><br><span class="line">    </span><br><span class="line">    <span class="meta">@Override</span></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="function"><span class="keyword">public</span> <span class="keyword">void</span> <span class="title">onCreate</span><span class="params">()</span> </span>&#123;</span><br><span class="line">        <span class="keyword">super</span>.onCreate();</span><br><span class="line">        <span class="comment">//litepal step4</span></span><br><span class="line">        LitePalManager.init(<span class="keyword">this</span>);</span><br><span class="line">    &#125;</span><br><span class="line">&#125;</span><br></pre>


<h1 id="4-使用"><a href="#4-使用" class="headerlink" title="4.使用"></a>4.使用</h1><p>step5.编写对应数据库表的实体类</p>
<p>其中，注解意义简要了解下</p>
<table>
<thead>
<tr>
<th>name</th>
<th>action</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody><tr>
<td>@Column</td>
<td>用于向列添加约束。注意，这个注释不会影响id列</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>unique</td>
<td>@Column(unique = true) 约束列是唯一不可重复</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>ignore</td>
<td>@Column(ignore = true) 不再数据库表中创建该字段</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>nullable</td>
<td>@Column(nullable = false) 约束列值不为空</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>index</td>
<td>@Column(index = true)  给列添加索引</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>defaultValue</td>
<td>@Column(defaultValue = “unset”) 不考虑该列值类型，设置列的默认类型值为字符串unset</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<pre class="highlight"><span class="line"><span class="comment">//litepal step5</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">public</span> <span class="class"><span class="keyword">class</span> <span class="title">User</span> <span class="keyword">extends</span> <span class="title">LitePalSupport</span> </span>&#123;</span><br><span class="line">    </span><br><span class="line">    <span class="meta">@Column(index =  true)</span><span class="comment">//这个注释不会影响id列,测试验证</span></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="keyword">private</span> <span class="keyword">long</span> id ;</span><br><span class="line">    <span class="meta">@Column(unique = true ,defaultValue = &quot;-&quot;)</span></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="keyword">private</span> String name;</span><br><span class="line">    <span class="keyword">private</span> <span class="keyword">int</span> age;</span><br><span class="line">    <span class="keyword">private</span> String account;</span><br><span class="line">    <span class="keyword">private</span> String password;</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="comment">//...</span></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="comment">//setter &amp; getter</span></span><br></pre>

<p>step6.编写管理类，管理数据库创建、升级、删除、事务、多数据库切换等</p>
<pre class="highlight"><span class="line"><span class="keyword">package</span> com.cupster.func_db_litepal;</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">import</span> android.app.Application;</span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">import</span> org.litepal.LitePal;</span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">import</span> org.litepal.LitePalDB;</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">public</span> <span class="class"><span class="keyword">class</span> <span class="title">LitePalManager</span> </span>&#123;</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="function"><span class="keyword">public</span> <span class="keyword">static</span> <span class="keyword">void</span> <span class="title">init</span><span class="params">(Application application)</span></span>&#123;</span><br><span class="line">        LitePal.initialize(application);</span><br><span class="line">    &#125;</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="function"><span class="keyword">public</span> <span class="keyword">static</span> <span class="keyword">void</span> <span class="title">newDataBase</span><span class="params">(String dbName ,<span class="keyword">int</span> version ,Class... tables)</span></span>&#123;</span><br><span class="line">        LitePalDB litePalDB = <span class="keyword">new</span> LitePalDB(dbName ,version);</span><br><span class="line">        <span class="keyword">for</span> (Class table: tables)&#123;</span><br><span class="line">            litePalDB.addClassName(table.getName());</span><br><span class="line">        &#125;</span><br><span class="line">        LitePal.use(litePalDB);</span><br><span class="line">    &#125;</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="function"><span class="keyword">public</span> <span class="keyword">static</span> <span class="keyword">void</span> <span class="title">switchDbDefault</span><span class="params">()</span></span>&#123;</span><br><span class="line">        LitePal.useDefault();</span><br><span class="line">    &#125;</span><br><span class="line">    <span class="function"><span class="keyword">public</span> <span class="keyword">static</span> <span class="keyword">void</span> <span class="title">switchDB</span><span class="params">(String dbName)</span></span>&#123;</span><br><span class="line">        LitePalDB litePalDB = LitePalDB.fromDefault(dbName);</span><br><span class="line">        LitePal.use(litePalDB);</span><br><span class="line">    &#125;</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="function"><span class="keyword">public</span> <span class="keyword">static</span> <span class="keyword">void</span> <span class="title">deleteDB</span><span class="params">(String dbName)</span></span>&#123;</span><br><span class="line">        LitePal.deleteDatabase(dbName);</span><br><span class="line">    &#125;</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="function"><span class="keyword">public</span> <span class="keyword">static</span> <span class="keyword">void</span> <span class="title">beginTransaction</span><span class="params">()</span></span>&#123;</span><br><span class="line">        LitePal.beginTransaction();</span><br><span class="line">    &#125;</span><br><span class="line">    <span class="function"><span class="keyword">public</span> <span class="keyword">static</span> <span class="keyword">boolean</span> <span class="title">excuteTransaction</span><span class="params">(<span class="keyword">boolean</span>... flags)</span></span>&#123;</span><br><span class="line">        <span class="keyword">boolean</span> success = <span class="keyword">true</span>;</span><br><span class="line">        <span class="keyword">for</span> (<span class="keyword">boolean</span> f : flags)&#123;</span><br><span class="line">            <span class="keyword">if</span> (!f)&#123;</span><br><span class="line">                success = <span class="keyword">false</span>;</span><br><span class="line">                <span class="keyword">break</span>;</span><br><span class="line">            &#125;</span><br><span class="line">        &#125;</span><br><span class="line">        <span class="keyword">if</span> (success)&#123;</span><br><span class="line">            LitePal.setTransactionSuccessful();</span><br><span class="line">        &#125;</span><br><span class="line">       endTransaction();</span><br><span class="line">        <span class="keyword">return</span> success;</span><br><span class="line">    &#125;</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="function"><span class="keyword">public</span> <span class="keyword">static</span> <span class="keyword">void</span> <span class="title">endTransaction</span><span class="params">()</span></span>&#123;</span><br><span class="line">        LitePal.endTransaction();</span><br><span class="line">    &#125;</span><br><span class="line">&#125;</span><br><span class="line"></span><br></pre>


<p>然后就是具体场景中的使用了，这里因为才用组件化的架构，多封装了一层。</p>
<p>调用：</p>
<pre class="highlight"><span class="line"><span class="meta">@Override</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="function"><span class="keyword">public</span> <span class="keyword">void</span> <span class="title">onClick</span><span class="params">(View view)</span> </span>&#123;</span><br><span class="line">    <span class="keyword">switch</span> (view.getId())&#123;</span><br><span class="line">        <span class="keyword">case</span> R.id.btn_add:</span><br><span class="line">            UserHelper.insert(<span class="string">&quot;Cupster&quot;</span> ,<span class="string">&quot;18960222222&quot;</span>);</span><br><span class="line">            <span class="keyword">break</span>;</span><br><span class="line">        <span class="keyword">case</span> R.id.btn_delete:</span><br><span class="line">            UserHelper.delete(<span class="number">1</span>);</span><br><span class="line">            <span class="keyword">break</span>;</span><br><span class="line">        <span class="keyword">case</span> R.id.btn_update:</span><br><span class="line">            UserHelper.update(<span class="number">1</span>,<span class="string">&quot;Cupster改&quot;</span>);</span><br><span class="line">            <span class="keyword">break</span>;</span><br><span class="line">        <span class="keyword">case</span> R.id.btn_query:</span><br><span class="line">            mTv.setText(UserHelper.queryAll());</span><br><span class="line">            <span class="keyword">break</span>;</span><br><span class="line">    &#125;</span><br><span class="line">&#125;</span><br></pre>

<p>封装的增删改查：</p>
<pre class="highlight"><span class="line"><span class="keyword">package</span> com.cupster.func_db_litepal.crud;</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">import</span> com.cupster.func_db_litepal.entity.User;</span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">import</span> org.litepal.LitePal;</span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">import</span> java.util.List;</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">public</span> <span class="class"><span class="keyword">class</span> <span class="title">UserHelper</span> </span>&#123;</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="function"><span class="keyword">public</span> <span class="keyword">static</span> <span class="keyword">boolean</span> <span class="title">insert</span><span class="params">(String name ,String account)</span></span>&#123;</span><br><span class="line">        User user1 = <span class="keyword">new</span> User();</span><br><span class="line">        user1.setAccount(account);</span><br><span class="line">        user1.setName(name);</span><br><span class="line">        <span class="keyword">return</span>  user1.save();</span><br><span class="line">    &#125;</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="function"><span class="keyword">public</span> <span class="keyword">static</span> <span class="keyword">boolean</span> <span class="title">update</span><span class="params">(String name)</span></span>&#123;</span><br><span class="line">        User user = LitePal.find(User.class , <span class="number">1</span> );</span><br><span class="line">        <span class="keyword">if</span> (user == <span class="keyword">null</span> )&#123;</span><br><span class="line">            <span class="keyword">return</span> <span class="keyword">false</span>;</span><br><span class="line">        &#125;<span class="keyword">else</span> &#123;</span><br><span class="line">            user.setName(name);</span><br><span class="line">            <span class="keyword">return</span> user.save();</span><br><span class="line">        &#125;</span><br><span class="line">    &#125;</span><br><span class="line">    <span class="function"><span class="keyword">public</span> <span class="keyword">static</span> <span class="keyword">boolean</span> <span class="title">update</span><span class="params">(<span class="keyword">long</span> id ,String name)</span></span>&#123;</span><br><span class="line">        User user = <span class="keyword">new</span> User();</span><br><span class="line">        user.setName(name);</span><br><span class="line">        <span class="keyword">return</span> user.update(id)&gt;<span class="number">0</span>;</span><br><span class="line">    &#125;</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="function"><span class="keyword">public</span> <span class="keyword">static</span> <span class="keyword">boolean</span> <span class="title">delete</span><span class="params">(<span class="keyword">long</span> id)</span></span>&#123;</span><br><span class="line">        <span class="keyword">return</span> LitePal.delete(User.class ,id)&gt;<span class="number">0</span>;</span><br><span class="line">    &#125;</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="function"><span class="keyword">public</span> <span class="keyword">static</span> <span class="keyword">boolean</span> <span class="title">deleteAll</span><span class="params">()</span></span>&#123;</span><br><span class="line">        <span class="keyword">return</span> LitePal.deleteAll(User.class)&gt;<span class="number">0</span>;</span><br><span class="line">    &#125;</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="function"><span class="keyword">public</span> <span class="keyword">static</span> User <span class="title">queryById</span><span class="params">(<span class="keyword">long</span> id)</span></span>&#123;</span><br><span class="line">        <span class="keyword">return</span> LitePal.find(User.class ,id);</span><br><span class="line">    &#125;</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="function"><span class="keyword">public</span> <span class="keyword">static</span> String <span class="title">queryAll</span><span class="params">()</span></span>&#123;</span><br><span class="line">        List&lt;User&gt; users = LitePal.findAll(User.class);</span><br><span class="line">        StringBuilder stringBuilder = <span class="keyword">new</span> StringBuilder();</span><br><span class="line">        <span class="keyword">for</span> (User u : users)&#123;</span><br><span class="line">            stringBuilder.append(<span class="string">&quot;\n&quot;</span>);</span><br><span class="line">            stringBuilder.append(<span class="string">&quot;id:&quot;</span>);</span><br><span class="line">            stringBuilder.append(u.getId());</span><br><span class="line">            stringBuilder.append(<span class="string">&quot;\n&quot;</span>);</span><br><span class="line">            stringBuilder.append(<span class="string">&quot;name:&quot;</span>);</span><br><span class="line">            stringBuilder.append(u.getName());</span><br><span class="line">            stringBuilder.append(<span class="string">&quot;\n&quot;</span>);</span><br><span class="line">            stringBuilder.append(<span class="string">&quot;account:&quot;</span>);</span><br><span class="line">            stringBuilder.append(u.getAccount());</span><br><span class="line">        &#125;</span><br><span class="line">        <span class="keyword">return</span> stringBuilder.toString();</span><br><span class="line">    &#125;</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="function"><span class="keyword">public</span> <span class="keyword">static</span> List&lt;User&gt; <span class="title">queryWhere</span><span class="params">(String condition )</span></span>&#123;</span><br><span class="line">        <span class="keyword">return</span> LitePal.where(condition).order(<span class="string">&quot;id&quot;</span>).find(User.class);</span><br><span class="line">    &#125;</span><br><span class="line">&#125;</span><br></pre>

<h1 id="5-其他"><a href="#5-其他" class="headerlink" title="5.其他"></a>5.其他</h1><p><a target="_blank" rel="noopener" href="https://download.csdn.net/download/Cupster/15534762">代码.zip</a><br><a target="_blank" rel="noopener" href="https://gitee.com/cupster/litepal_demo.git">gitee</a></p>

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    <p><span style="font-weight: bold;">文章链接：</span><a target="_blank" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" href="http://example.com/2019/10/16/032-Android%E5%AD%98%E5%82%A8%EF%BC%887%EF%BC%89%EF%BC%9ALitePal%E4%BD%BF%E7%94%A8%E8%AF%A6%E8%A7%A3/">http://example.com/2019/10/16/032-Android%E5%AD%98%E5%82%A8%EF%BC%887%EF%BC%89%EF%BC%9ALitePal%E4%BD%BF%E7%94%A8%E8%AF%A6%E8%A7%A3/</a></p>
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